Sodium

Sodium reacts with air, forming sodium oxide. If heated, sodium forms sodium oxide at limited amount of oxygen and sodium peroxide at excess amount of oxygen (at 300-400 °C) [6]:

4 Na(s) + O₂(g) 2 Na₂O(s)
2 Na(s) + O₂(g) Na₂O₂(s)

Sodium reacts vigorously with halogens, forming the corresponding sodium halides:

2 Na(s) + F₂(g) 2 NaF(s) [6]
2 Na(s) + Cl₂(g) 2 NaCl(s)
2 Na(s) + Br₂(g) 2 NaBr(s)
2 Na(s) + I₂(g) 2 NaI(s)

Sodium reacts with hydrogen forming sodium hydride [6]:

2 Na(s) + H₂(g) 2 NaH(s)

Sodium reacts with phosphorous forming sodium phosphide [6]:

12 Na(s) + P₄(s) 4 Na₄P(s)

Sodium reacts with sulfur forming sodium sulfide [6]:

16 Na(s) + S₈(s) 8 Na₂S(s)

Sodium reacts violently with water:

2 Na(s) + 2 H₂O(l) 2 Na⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq) + H₂(g).

Method 3500-Na C Inductively Coupled Plasma Method [1]. A portion of the sample is digested in a combination of acids. The digest is aspirated into an 8,000 K argon plasma where resulting light emission is quantified for 30 elements simultaneously.

Method limit of detection in water = 1.0 mg/L
Method limit of detection in soil = 100.0 mg/kg